From Open Courtyards to Enclosed Sanctuaries: A Methodological Approach to the Assessment of Ablution Spaces in Marrakech’s Religious Complexes

Abstract

This study explores the architectural and functional evolution of ablution spaces in the historic mosques of Marrakech, from the 12th century to the present day. Focusing on mosques from the Almoravid to Saadian periods, it examines how these spaces transitioned from open-air communal water features to enclosed, technologically advanced environments. By comparing the design and functionality of ablution spaces across different eras, the research highlights the interplay between theological principles and architectural adaptations. The study collects detailed spatial and structural data through on-site photography and 3D scanning, creating high-resolution models of these spaces. This material is analyzed to assess the condition of ablution areas, their integration within mosque layouts, and the balance between historical authenticity and modern functional needs. The findings aim to identify urgent preservation priorities and propose restoration strategies, contributing to improved water-related heritage management within Islamic architecture. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into preserving traditional elements of Islamic architecture while adapting them to contemporary demands, ensuring that their historical and cultural significance remains intact.