The Spanish Campaigns against the Kingdom of Tlemcen's Cities and the Resistance Movements from 1516 to 1530

Abstract

Many historians have concentrated on the Spanish-Ottoman conflict in the 16th century, and they have paid attention to the piracy activities of the Barbarossa brothers in the Mediterranean in the 16th century to affirm that the brothers had been pirates. In addition, they have examined the efforts of the Barbarossa brothers to evacuate the Moriscos from the Iberian Peninsula. They have not, therefore, paid attention to the reaction of the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tlemcen to the Spanish colonisation in the second and third decades of the 16th century. This research analyses the steps of the inhabitants of the cities of the Kingdom of Tlemcen, Oran, Mersa El-Kebir, Algiers, Tenes, and the city of Tlemcen to combat the Spanish colonists. It illustrates the relationship between the Barbarossa brothers and the efforts of the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tlemcen to combat the Spanish colonists in the cities of the Kingdom of Tlemcen from 1516 to 1530. Consequently, this research concludes that the inhabitants of Algiers and the city of Tlemcen played a vital role against this colonisation when they summoned the Barbarossa brothers and legitimated the rule of the brothers in Algiers and Tlemcen.